Login in vCloud Director using REST API Client - POSTMAN

• Nowadays most of the virtualization products support REST-API.  
• I first learned to interact using rest-api is with RavelloSystems(a cloud platform by Oracle)
• The best client I have come across for it is POSTMAN client available for windows, mac & Linux. I have installed it on my MacBook & windows 10 machine. 
• So this time I wanted to interact with vCloud Director 8.2 & 9.0 using REST-API
• After a long day meeting and looking for how to log in successfully in vCD using postman client, somehow I figured it late night
• So the basic options that we use in it are GET, PUT, POST & DELETE.
• So if you have worked on HTML it makes it easy to understand the output.
• As VMware has already started in vCenter 6.5 - REST API explorer.

Steps to login in vCD using POSTMAN

• URL for vCD i.e
  https://IP or FQDN/api/sessions
• Authentication- Basic (As per snapshot no. 1)
      Username- administrator@system   :- If you are a system administrator.
      I found it difficult for the username which took me this much time. So this user can be a LDAP integrated user or Active Directory.
      Password-  As per your directory
• Once authorized with Status:200 OK .  In the AUTHORIZATION tab as highlighted, we have HEADERS tab where we will recieve a x-vcloud-authorization: token.
• Instead of using your credentials for authentication, we can use the custom header (As per snapshot no. 2 & 3).
• Now we are ready to work on this REST-API for interaction using postman client.

Virtual Machine - Edit Settings - (Disk) Part 3(i)

So after writing the series for CPU & Memory. This series will be dedicated to Settings related to vmdk i.e Virtual Machine Disk.

• The first option is the size of the virtual machine which can be in MB, GB or TB.
• Maximum Size is the size of the datastore up to which VM hard disk could expand.

VM Storage Policies in production environments is created for storage tiering if using traditional storage i.e Block-Level Storage, Virtual San or a Virtual Volume.

VM Storage policies can be created & managed from vSphere Web Client. I"ll be writing a series of post for different policies which can be created for Virtual SAN, Virtual Volume & Block level storage.

vSAN Policies with PowerCLI(FTT=1,Stripe=3, Object Space Reservation = 50%)

New-SpbmStoragePolicy -Name OBS -AnyOfRuleSets (New-SpbmRuleSet (New-SpbmRule -Capability (Get-SpbmCapability -Name "VSAN.hostfailuresToTolerate") -Value 1), (New-SpbmRule -Capability (Get-SpbmCapability -Name "VSAN.stripeWidth") -Value 3),(New-SpbmRule -Capability (Get-SpbmCapability -Name VSAN.proportionalCapacity)-Value 50))

Output:-

vSAN Policies with PowerCLI(FTT=1, RAID5/6)

New-SpbmStoragePolicy -Name PowerCLI-RAID5  ` -AnyOfRuleSets ` (New-SpbmRuleSet ` (New-SpbmRule -Capability (Get-SpbmCapability -Name "VSAN.hostFailuresToTolerate" ) -Value 1),(New-SpbmRule -Capability (Get-SpbmCapability -Name "VSAN.replicaPreference" ) -Value "RAID-5/6 (Erasure Coding) - Capacity"))

Output:-

vSAN Policies with PowerCLI(Striping=3)

New-SpbmStoragePolicy -Name Stripe=3 -RuleSet(New-SpbmRuleSet -Name "striping=3" -AllOfRules @((NewSpbmRule -Capability VSAN.stripewidth 3)))

Output:-

vSAN Policies with PowerCLI (No redundancy i.e FTT=0)

New-SpbmStoragePolicy -Name FTT=0 -RuleSet(New-SpbmRuleSet -Name "NoRedundancy" -AllOfRules @((New-SpbmRule -Capability VSAN.hostFailuresToTolerate 0)))

Output:-

Check IP for Management VMkernel

esxcli network ip interface ipv4 get

Output:-

Network Port Binding for software iscsi

esxcli iscsi networkportal add -A vmhba33 -n vmk2

Output:-

Add software iscsi target using esxcli

esxcli iscsi software set -e true

Output:-

Add Target for software iscsi using esxcli

esxcli iscsi adapter discovery sendtarget add -a iscsi.vclass.local:3260 -A vmhba33

Output:-

Enable software iscsi on esxi02

Get-VMHostStorage -VMHost esxi02.vclass.local | Set-VMHostStorage –SoftwareIscsiEnabled $True

Output:-

Create a Port Group for vMotion(TCP/IP Stack enabled for vMotion)

New-VMHostNetworkAdapter -VMHost esxi02.vclass.local -PortGroup vMotion -VirtualSwitch vSwitch2 -IP 172.20.12.52 -SubnetMask 255.255.255.0 -VMotionEnabled $true

Output:-

GUID in Windows

powershell -Command "[guid]::NewGuid().ToString()"

Output:-

Join a host to active directory domain

Get-VMHostAuthentication -VMHost esxi01.vclass.local | Set-VMHostAuthentication -JoinDomain vclass.local -Username administrator -Password VMware1!

Output:-

Virtual Machine - CPU (Reservations, Shares & Limits) Part 1(viii)

As I said, we"ll be covering the CPU - Reservation, Shares & Limits.

The SI Unit for CPU is hertz(Hz), frequency or clock cycles per second that were somewhat limited to the first generation CPUs. Now in the 21st Century, CPU's have larger processing capability with more clock cycles per second thereby measured in MHz(MegaHertz) i.e one million cycles per second & GHz(GigaHertz) i.e one billion cycles per second.

RESERVATION: Guaranteed minimum allocation of Resources.

LIMIT: Upper bound of given resource or the maximum amount of resource CONSUMER is entitled from physical(ESXi). 

SHARES: Priority of a VM's access to a given resource.


In Case of CPU, Share values can be defined as Low, Normal, High & Custom.

In the 2 VMs named, CPU1(Girish01-2), CPU2(Girish01-3). I am running a script to increase the CPU activity.
In other 3 VMs named VM01(Low), VM02(Normal) & VM03(High) running normally with different share values.

                           

People are use to ask is there a performance impact on the VMs!! Nah!. There will be NO IMPACT till the time every one is not hungry for resource as soon as every one is hungry for the resource, there you go!!

As given in the screenshot with the help of CPU shares, the VM01 with high is getting more priority and henceforth.

Reference:Click here.

Installing PowerCLI Version 10

Check the version of PowerShell in windows System,
In order to install powercli 6.5.2 ,  the version of PowerShell should be 5 or above.
To install PowerShell 5 for windows server 2012, click here.
Download it,  install and update the windows server.
Once done run this command to check the PowerShell version

• $psversiontable
  
  
  
  

Once PowerShell version is updated, run these commands

• Find-module -Name VMware.PowerCLI
• Install-Module -Name VMware.PowerCLI -Scope CurrentUser

Once finished, you will be able to run powercli commands from the same window.

Virtual Machine - Edit Settings (Memory) Part 2 (i)

In my previous Series of posts, we have explored options available under CPU(Part1 to Part7).
In this series, we are going to talk about Memory options as below:-

As said for CPU & Memory Reservations, Shares & Limits,  I"ll be running a separate post after completing all the options related to virtual machine edit settings.

Here, In this post, the option to explore is Memory Hot Plug.

It can not be enabled when the machine is in running state and as told in case of CPU Hot Add posts earlier, it has to be supported by the operating system as in these given KB2020993 & KB2051989 articles.

Using this option, Memory Hot Plug: Memory can only be increased, it can not be decreased.
Given below is the screenshot of Windows Server 2012, Standard Edition that supports increasing the memory on the fly.


Before:                                 After:

     

Virtual Machine - Edit Settings (CPU) Part 1 (vii)

In my previous post, I have talked about scheduling affinity.
In this post Part 7, I am going to talk about CPU/MMU Virtualization.

In this screenshot as you can see, I have used vSphere Web Client, Right Click on virtual machine & edit settings.

11. CPU/MMU Virtualization:- By default, it is automatic. Here, we get three options in this drop-down i.e

i) Software CPU & MMU

ii) Hardware CPU, Software MMU

iii) Hardware CPU & MMU

Software CPU - Software Based CPU Virtualization

Hardware CPU - Hardware assisted CPU Virtualization

Hardware MMU(Memory Management Unit) & Software MMU (Memory Management Unit)

For better understanding refer to this article.

Virtual Machine - Edit Settings (CPU) Part 1 (iv)

In my previous post, we have talked about Performance Counter.
In this post CPU Part 6, We are going to talk about Scheduling Affinity

In this screenshot as you can see, I have used vSphere Web Client, Right Click on virtual machine & edit settings.

10. Scheduling Affinity:-  By default, a virtual CPU is scheduled to run on a logical CPU. Using this feature one can restrict a VM to a dedicated LCPU. 

EX:- Lets say we have ESXi with 8LCPU numbered from 0 to 7.

If we are using Scheduling affinity then it can be specified as 1,2,3,4-6 either way means you can specify dedicated LCPU number or the range of LCPU that can be used.

USE CASE:- For CPU Intensive VM performance testing purpose to check whethere scheduling it to dedicated LCPU enhances its performance or to check VMs throughput and response time when pinning it down to LCPU.

Virtual Machine - Edit Settings (CPU) Part 1 (v)

In my previous post, we have talked about CPUID Mask.
In this post of CPU Part 5, We are going to talk about Performance Counter

In this screenshot as you can see, I have used vSphere Web Client, Right Click on virtual machine & edit settings.

9. Enable Virtualized CPU performance counters: It is mainly used by developers for debugging software(software profilers) which is going to run in a VM such as vTune, OProfile, CodeAnalyst.

This feature is going to make some additional CPU related performance counters (MSRs-Model Specific Registers) available to the guest OS.

There is a KB2030221, which is related to what CPU Performance counters are exposed to guest OS.